The Effect of Music on Performance of a Task Essay

The Effect of Music on Performance of a Task Abstract In order to investigate whether music affected performance of a task, and experimental technique was used, variables were manipulated and data recorded. The aim of this study was to investigate whether different music styles affected the performance of a task. It was a novel experiment, only loosely based on previous research dating back to the 19th century. The method involved three groups of participants undertaking a test (solving thirty anagrams). One group had fast music in the background, one had slow music and the third performed it in silence. The participants were primarily selected via a systematic sample, but this†¦show more content†¦This effect was termed social facilitation, as the presence of others appeared to help, or facilitate, the person performing the task. This idea was also supported by Allport (1920), who demonstrated that college students performing multiplication tests also worked faster alongside other students. But there is an opposite side to social facilitation - social loafing. This describes the process whereby when in a group, an individual puts less effort into a task. Latane, Williams and Harkins (1979) demonstrated this to good effect when they found that when children were asked to be noisy, they were more quiet when they were in the group and were louder on their own. Another factor that could affect performance of a task is music. From Beethoven to the Bee Gees, music has had an impact on most of us somewhere in our lifetime. It is only comparatively recently however that it has become seriously analysed and tested in different situations in order to recognise its true effects. Many of us have at some time associated a song or piece of music with an event or situation in our lives, whether good or bad, and on hearing it again can recall feelings and emotions of that situation. It is also deeply representative of individual cultures and by listening to the music of a certain culture, we can learn aShow MoreRelatedMusic Is The Most Popular Genres Of Music Essay1669 Words   |  7 PagesMusic has been found in every culture in present time, as well as in the past, dating back almost 55,000 years (citation), with roots in Africa. Music is one of the most basic art forms and is a way of life for many; a means of expression relative to emotions, culture, and one’ s self. Music is all around us and it’s hard to imagine going one day without listening to some variety of music. Music has evolved tremendously from prehistoric times today, but one thing’s stayed the same – one culture’sRead MoreDerogatory Music s Effects On Overall Mood And Test Performance1160 Words   |  5 Pages Derogatory Music’s Effects on Overall Mood and Test Performance Rebecca Smith Arcadia University Derogatory Music’s Effects on Overall Mood and Test Performance We believe that music with certain messages can have an effect on mood states. In this experiment we will be looking at how derogatory music will affect the mood state and test performance of women. We believe that music that has sexist themes will result in low mood states and test results of the females in that conditionRead MoreThe Mozart Effect Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Mozart effect† is a believe that listening to music could enhance individuals’ intelligence, and therefore lead to better performance in various spheres, such as languages and arithmetics. There are researches pointed out that listening to music while tasks performance would result in significant boost of scores. The effect of listening to Mozart’s music on spatial seasoning was looked over in 1933 by Dr. Rauscher, three common tests about abstract spatial reasoning were given to the participantsRead MoreMusic s Influence On Music1610 Words   |  7 Pagesattention from scholarly articles and psychology journals have indicated that listening to classical music can heighten a person’s ability to learn and focus. This has prompted some teachers to start integrating the playing of classical music in their classrooms to raise the amount of information retained by their students and make their work more efficient. A study done at Stanford University indicated music heightens a person’s ability to learn because it â€Å"engages the areas of the brain involved withRead MoreThe Effect Of Mozart s Piano Sonata K448 On Patients Who Were Suffering From Epilepsy1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect is a phenomenon that occurs when individuals listen to the two piano sonata. The stated results are individuals that are able to remember information easier. There are two studies that were conducted in associated with the Mozart Effect. The first study was dedicated to spatial skill performance and its neural pathway relation to music. The other st udy was dedicated to challenging the first study due to the argument that any type of music that is appreciated can cause the sameRead MoreHow Does Playing Music While Studying Relate to College Students Gpa?1746 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Students have the ability to play music while they are studying. Studies have shown mixed results when it comes to listening to music while studying. This present study examines the differences in music listening habits while studying of students with low and high GPAs. Students with low GPAs did not listen to music more than students with high GPAs while studying. However, when listening to music while reading was examined, there was a difference between low and high GPA studentsRead MoreThe Music App Escape848 Words   |  4 Pagesanticipated, the study behaviour frequency and number of tasks completed during the intervention phase than A1 and A2, and a higher value in both measure in A2 than A1. This suggests that the use of the music app eScape is a positive reinforcement on the participant’s study behaviour, offering music as a possible reward for operant conditioning on the behaviour of study. Our findings were consistent with previous studies, which suggested that music could be used as a reward despite having no functionalRead MoreThe Effects Of Cocaine On The Brain1130 Words   |  5 Pagesinvolved. George et al. (2008) wanted to explore the long lasting effects of self-administered cocaine on the prefrontal cortex of rats. They were observed when given extended (6 hours per session) and limited (1 hour per session) access to the cocaine. After the last administration of the drug the rats were given the task of completing a simple maze they had been conditioned to complete. Not only was the performance of this working memory task hindered, but the density of neurons and oligodendrocytes,Read MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Music And Its Impact On Our Lives1712 Words   |  7 Pagesof music at any given time of day thanks to modern technology advances. In this paper, I will be highlighting the psychological effects of music, and its impact on one’s emotions be cause music is a separate channel of communication that affecting emotions in significant ways (Hargreaves, Mitchell MacDonald, 2012). Music provides the benefit of releasing endorphin hormones that give confidence, good mental strength, good mood, and increase in well-being and overall happiness. Moreover music canRead MoreWhy Do People Listen With Music Before Exercise Or Participating? Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pagesto music before competing, almost every one of them will reply with a definite yes. Music has its place in sports and brings a certain culture to sports that seems to grow every year. Why do people listen to music before exercise or participating in competition? Does it give athletes an edge? Does it help athletes to focus, or perform better? This is a question that has brought countless research. My personal opinion is yes, it does optimize physical performance as well as mental performance. Most

Robert Frost Home Burial - Selfish Misery Essay - 1662 Words

The Selfish Misery of Home Burial Robert Frosts poem Home Burial is an intriguing portrait of a marital relationship that has gone wrong. Though at first glance it may seem that the cause for the couples trouble is the death of their child, closer reading allows the reader to see that there are other serious, deeper-rooted problems at work. The couples differences in their approach to grieving is only the beginning of their problems. Many of the real problems lie in the wifes self-absorbed attitude of consuming unhappiness and anger. Her outlook on her life and marriage is so narrow that she winds up making both her husband and herself victims of her issues. It is clear that Frost intended the reader to see through the†¦show more content†¦Rather, she dehumanizes him in her mind, thinking of him as a blind creature who wont be able to understand her pain (15-16). When he asks what is disturbing her, she refuse[s] him any help (13). She is making the deliberate decision not to let him be a caring person. Even when he tells her that hes seen the cause of her window gazing, she refuses to believe him. Frost has her immediately contradict the husbands realization, using the word challenge to conjure up a better image of the wifes defensive nature. While the husband is understanding of his wifes pain, she refuses to allow him any. The husband tells her to try and talk to him, insisting that he is not so much unlike other folks (63). Even though he admits he thinks she is perhaps to demonstrative in her grief, he wants to talk to her and help her. He acknowledges that she is unhappy, and he wants to be of assistance. The wife, however, isnt even willing to grant that her husband could be feeling any loss. When he begins to speak of their dead child, she recoils from him, crying Dont, dont, dont, dont (31-33). He asks Cant a man speak of his own child hes lost? (37), clearly confused that she would be so upset over the slightest mention of the child. She responds with an instant, Not you! (38), implying that only he isnt worthy of grieving. She doesnt appear to think he should be allowed any emotion at all, but still seems to expect him to be moreShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages, with David DeCenzo (Wiley, 2010) Prentice Hall’s Self-Assessment Library 3.4 (Prentice Hall, 2010) Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed., with David DeCenzo and Mary Coulter (Prentice Hall, 2013) Supervision Today! 7th ed., with David DeCenzo and Robert Wolter (Prentice Hall, 2013) Training in Interpersonal Skills: TIPS for Managing People at Work, 6th ed., with Phillip Hunsaker (Prentice Hall, 2012) Managing Today! 2nd ed. (Prentice Hall, 2000) Organization Theory, 3rd ed. (Prentice Hall, 1990)

Bullying And Its Effects On Society Essay - 1298 Words

Bullying, or being bullied, was once thought of as a normal process of growing up that had little to no impact in life. Now, it has become lethal enough to even go as far to convince one to end their life or commit a felony. The action of bullying a person has increased not just physically but also through the cyberspace world. As the world’s internet continues to expand with more social media and entertainment pages like Facebook, WorldStarHipHop, video blogging website, music video promoters, television shows, TV cartoons, etc., nobody is safe from each other’s artistic craft of producing a positive or negative impact. Social media allows us to express ourselves without worrying much of the repercussion as an individual. It acts as a barrier to protect our well-being from the spotlight. In entertainment, bullying in a cartoon/prank, with the usage of offensive dialect that is often directed towards another character on screen, is considered as jokes with laughter even though each individual reacts differently on the same subject. In America today, pop culture encourages bullying in cyberspace and reality. It has become a subconscious trend that many (mostly young people) tend to promote for self-pleasure without realizing the amount of harm they are inflicting towards their victims. From early age to teenage years, most of these bully victims or oppressors are children. According to â€Å"Bullying† by Aussei F. Dooboy and Daniel L. Clay, twenty to thirty percent ofShow MoreRelatedBullying And Its Effect On Society1060 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is bullying? Google’s online dictionary defines bullying as using superior strength or influence to intimidate (someone), typically to force him or her to do what one wants. Many define bullying as physically, mentally, emotionally, and psychologically degrading another living being. Bullying has become a growing issue around the world. The act of bullying can begin with a small eye roll, but within a short period of time it can escalate to abuse. Bullying is an issue that cannot be takenRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society983 Words   |  4 Pagesother countries. Today’s youth have experienced nearly twice as much bullying than past generations. In the United States it is shown that forty-eight percent of junior high and high school students have been bullied. Seventy percent of all grade school students in the United States say they have bullied or have seen a fellow classmate bullied. The types of bullying in today’s schools include: physical, social, verbal, and cyber bullying. This is a problem that has been brought to the attention of schoolRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society1546 Words   |  7 Pages13, 2014 Bullying Continues to Worsen Rudeness can be defined in many ways, but the definition most fitting for this topic would be, lack of manners, discourtesy. It’s been around since the beginning of time, but it’s become increasingly popular in today’s society. There are infinite ways someone could be rude to others, for example not holding a door for the next person, making fun of someone, or even disrupting someone. One big problem in today’s generation is bullying. THESIS: Bullying has increasedRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Society1633 Words   |  7 Pagesmay be exploited is through the familiar conviction of bullying. Bullying has been entrenched in American society as a relevant issue for quite some time. The word â€Å"bully† derives back from as far as the 1530’s. In 1838, the novel, Oliver Twist, exhibited the first use of bullying within literary work. Years later, in 1862, the first account of bullying was reported. Over one hundred years following this, th e first proposition of an anti-bullying law was constructed. As time has persisted, the issueRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society1313 Words   |  6 PagesBullying is defined as a use of superior strength or influence to intimidate someone, typically to force him or her to do what one wants. The bully and those who are bullied can be of any age; bullying does not discriminate. There are a number of psychological causes and effects that can cause bullying and also the lasting effects of. However, in order to understand the psychology behind bullying, one must understand the reasons that influence one to become a bully and the effects it can have onRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society1957 Words   |  8 PagesBullying is defined as â€Å"unwanted, aggressive behavior among people that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Both persons who are bullied and who bully others may have serio us, lasting problems.† In this day and age, there are so many places advertising a no bullying sentiment or trying to get people to donate money or read about how to stop the bullying that goes on in high school. These websites and foundations areRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society2270 Words   |  10 PagesBullying is arguably one of the most common vices in our contemporary society that affects individuals across different settings in the society. Most people associate bullying with schools and teenagers, but the practice cuts across almost all institutions in the modern-day American society. People get bullied at workplaces and even in public institutions when seeking for public services. Bullying entails the use of perceived superior power by an individual to intimidate, threaten, or harm anotherRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Society Essay2475 Words   |  10 PagesIt seems bullying has existed since the beginning of humanity. As we saw in the video during class, Competitiveness was first to arise before cooperation. The dynamics of bullying however are ever-changing and pose an even larger threat to society than ever before. From elementary school to high school, even in college and beyond. The various environments, the internet, work place and even at home. The variables of bullying have changed so dramatically over a considerably short passage of time,Read MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society1932 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Bullying, a social issue that has been most associated with adolescent aggressive behavior from one to another, has expanded from the realms of the school halls to the Internet. But as laws have been passed and legislation enacted, are these adolescent populations still vulnerable? This paper describes the definition of bullying, power imbalance or struggle, public reaction, policies, public laws or administration rules, implementation of social welfare programs, actual impact, legislativeRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society1309 Words   |  6 PagesIt is very important for teachers to take a bigger approach on bullying because it can go undetected, be harmful to students, and have a negative impact on families. This also will make the environment where the bullying is taking place a negative place for others. Other people may say that they should just move then they can have a fresh start. However it is absolutely critical for schools to take a bigger approach towards bull ying because it can go undetected, be harmful to the victim and others

Economic Class free essay sample

Keeping a good social standard is sometimes difficult to sustain, making it hard to change. Author Gregory Mantsios â€Å"Class in America† in 2003, has many different ideas on the way economic class is. Social standings and consequently life chances are largely determined at birth. Individuals who have gone from rags to riches abound in the mass media, statistics on class mobility show these leaps to be extremely rare (Mantsios711). Most economic success is because of the wealth that these individuals receive at birth. Over 66 percent of the consumer units with incomes of $100,000 or more have inherited assets (Mantsios711). In the stories that are read in most cases there is more wealth due to being born into it than earning it by hard work. Most people do not choose to be put into an economic class; rather it happens on its own. If someone grows up knowing only low income or having very little as a child, they seem to carry that on with them as they get older. It is hard to go from something you’re used to all your life to something so different. Poverty is a very difficult barrier to overcome, no matter where someone is from or where they now live. Author Diana George â€Å"Changing the Faces of Poverty: Nonprofits and the Problem of Representation†. 001 writes, â€Å"You don’t have to leave your own country to find third-world poverty. † (George623). Most groups that are asking for money to help the starving children are usually in a different country. As people see Children, Inc. showing photos of children that make people feel helplessness for. People want to help solve the hunger issues by sending money but sometimes feel uneasy with doing it because we are afraid that the money is not always going for what these people think it is. Habitat for Humanity helps individuals here in the United States to get back on their feet and try to overcome a barrier of no food or places to live. Habitat for Humanity aims to eliminate poverty housing from the globe (George 625). Being in small cities is also sometimes a barrier to overcome because there are not as many jobs or access to jobs. There are run down houses that people without jobs, find it hard to find the funding to do upkeep on them. Poverty condemns millions of people throughout the world to live in deplorable and inhuman conditions. These people are trapped in a cycle of poverty, living in places offering little protection from the rain, wind and cold (George 626). Living in run down houses causes many different illnesses and can cause death as well. It is hard seeing young people living in this situation as well as older people. Finding better housing is something most people strive for. It is just more difficult when not living in a better neighborhood with better housing. Author Peter Singer â€Å"The Singer Solution to World Poverty†, writes, an American household with an income of $50,000 spends around $30,000 annually on necessities, according to the Conference Board, a nonprofit economic research organization, (Singer 879). Therefore, for a household bringing in $50,000 a year, donations to help the world’s poor should be as close as possible to $20,000 (Singer 879). When living in run down areas, and communities with having no means to improve, makes it very hard to change. For some people seeing others doing things they would love to do and know they cannot, makes some people feel hopeless and gives them thoughts of never being able to change. Approximately 12 percent of American population-that is, nearly one of every eight people in this country-live below the official poverty line (calculated in 2001 at $9,214 for an individual and $17,960 for a family of four). Among the poor are over 2. million homeless, including nearly 1 million homeless children (Mantsios 701). At last count, nearly 33 million Americans across the nation lived in unrelenting poverty (Mantsios 703). Having extracurricular activities make it hard for poorer people than more wealthy. Some people go to private schools, where they have many options for fun and activities after school. Having options like taking different language classes after, going to sleep away camps, som e with sons of ambassadors and children of doctors. Going on family vacations regularly, two or three times a year is more than likely. They know ahead of time that they will most definitely get into a very good college with or without scholarships with ambitions to be president. As for others, go to a small to medium public school where most options are very little. Going to a YMCA day camp is the most camping experience a lot of poorer people get to experience. They are children of hard working individuals in factory’s and school employees. This is how several of them get to do sports as well. They have ambitions to be presidents as well as school teachers. Racial and gender issues stop people from going farther in life than they would like as well. Racial and gender domination are other forces that hold people down (Mantsios 712). Women experience the effects of sexism whether they are well-paid professional or poorly paid clerks. As women, they face discrimination and male domination, as well as catcalls and stereotyping (Mantsios 712). Similarly, a wealthy black man faces racial oppression, is subjected to racial slurs, and is denied opportunities because of his color (Mantsios 712). The experience of women and minorities are differentiated along class lines. Although they are subordinate positions vis-a-vis white men, the particular issues that confront women and minorities maybe quite different depending on their position in the class structure (Mansios 712-713). Class -oppressed men, whether they are white or black, have privileges afforded them as men in a sexist society. Similarly, class-oppressed whites, whether they are men or women, benefit from white privilege in a racist society. In today’s society, people would think that this would not be an issue anymore, but it seems to still be problems with it. Oppression is cumulative, and those who are poor, black, and female are often subject to all of the forces of class, race and gender discrimination simultaneously (Mantsios 713). It seems that if you are a black woman that you would be in a lower class than a white female. Being female and of ethnic race you would be considered in the lower class and that causes many issues for someone to succeed. Being in a society that does goes by classes has caused many issues for several classes to succeed in a position that is very wanted. Americans judge too many people, and it does show that it can be a major barrier for someone to get past. No one likes for others to know their situations, people try to hide things from others so that no one know if they are in the lower class. Trying to fit in is something that most Americans allow themselves to do. Everyone wants to be considered in the same category of class. Why do people judge so much and why do they say and do hurtful things to people that are in a lower class than themselves? It is just how the human race is and more than likely will always be. It has been this way for many years and will continue to do so. Some people are raised in many different levels of human nature, and it grows with each individual as they become adults, but looking down on someone and belittling them, all because they are not as rich as them, or have as many material things as they do needs to come to a stop. That causes too many people to stop trying to overcome obstacles in their way to make a better life for themselves and their families. Getting out of a rut is a hard thing to accomplish. This is a major barrier to overcome. Works Cited George, Diana. Changing the Face of Poverty: Nonprofits and the Problem of Representation. 2001. The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings. Ed. Richard Bullock and Maureen Daly Goggin. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 2010. 622-33. Print. Mantsios, Gregory. Class in America-2003. 2004. The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings. Ed. Richard Bullock and Maureen Daly Goggin. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 2010. 697 -717. Print. Singer, Peter. The Singer Solution to World Poverty. 2009. The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings. Ed. Richard Bullock and Maureen Daly Goggin. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 2010. 873-80. Print.